For this reason, steel of Mutsu is a precious material at the radiation measurement equipment with which mixing of a radioactive … [43] Some of the survivors were sent to Truk in the Caroline Islands and assigned to the 41st Guard Force. Mutsu hosted Edward, Prince of Wales, and his aide-de-camp and second cousin, Lieutenant Louis Mountbatten, on 12 April 1922 during the prince's visit to Japan. Mutsu was the second and last Nagato-class dreadnought battleship built for the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) at the end of World War I. The battleship Mutsu belonged to the Nagato class and is placed on the rank VI of the Japanese tech tree in World of Warships. Much of the wreck was salvaged after the war and many artifacts and relics are on display in Japan. According to historian Mark Stille, the twin and triple mounts "lacked sufficient speed in train or elevation; the gun sights were unable to handle fast targets; the gun exhibited excessive vibration; the magazine was too small, and, finally, the gun produced excessive muzzle blast". Additional six-meter (19 ft 8 in) and three-meter (9 ft 10 in) anti-aircraft rangefinders were also fitted, although the date is unknown. 4 turret is on display on the grounds of the former, One 410 mm gun from No. [15] In 1933 a catapult was fitted between the mainmast and Turret No. The commission considered several possible causes: The commission issued its preliminary conclusions on 25 June, well before the divers had completed their investigation of the wreck, and concluded that the explosion was the result of a disgruntled seaman. Compared with other nations' warships in wartime service, Japanese battleships contained a large amount of flammable materials including wooden decking, furniture, and insulation, as well as cotton and wool bedding. The ship was transferred to the reserve on 1 December 1925. [28], The ship was fitted with a 10-metre (32 ft 10 in) rangefinder in the forward superstructure. Mutsu was placed in reserve from 15 December 1938 to 15 November 1939. Pieces recovered over the years can be viewed at various museums and memorials in Japan: Skwiot says two single mounts in 1932–34 and another pair, mounted near the aft funnel, were added in 1934. In 1995, the Mutsu Memorial Museum declared that no further salvage operations were planned. Both he and his second in command, Captain Ono Koro, were posthumously promoted to Rear Admiral, as was normal practice. Mutsu hosted Edward, Prince of Wales, and his aide-de-camp Lieutenant Louis Mountbatten on 12 April 1922 during the prince's visit to Japan. All parts are verified present and accounted for. [16], In the early 1950s, the US occupation administration returned the wreck to the Japanese government. [23] These 25-millimeter (0.98 in) guns had an effective range of 1,500–3,000 meters (1,600–3,300 yd), and an effective ceiling of 5,500 meters (18,000 ft) at an elevation of 85 degrees. [29], Mutsu was initially fitted with a Type 13 fire-control system derived from Vickers equipment received during World War I, but this was replaced by an improved Type 14 system around 1925. The salvagers recovered 849 bodies of crewmen lost during the explosion. In addition to her primary armament, she also carried torpedo tubes. The ship exceeded her designed speed of 26.5 knots (49.1 km/h; 30.5 mph) during her sea trials, reaching 26.7 knots (49.4 km/h; 30.7 mph) at 85,500 shp (63,800 kW). That June, one of her aft magazines detonated while she was at anchor, sinking the ship with the loss of 1,121 crew and visitors. From December 1941 to June 1942, exercises were constantly conducted on the battleship. [18] Two twin-gun mounts for licence-built Vickers 2-pounder (40 mm (1.6 in)) "pom-pom" light AA guns were also added to the ship in 1932. [38] She arrived at Hashirajima on 14 June. Another 150 were sent to Saipan in the Mariana Islands where most were killed in 1944 during the battle for the island. Mitsubishi F1M biplanes replaced the E8Ns on 11 February 1943. Accidental explosion within a magazine. [16], On 14 July Mutsu was transferred to Battleship Division 2 and then to the Advance Force of the 2nd Fleet on 9 August. Much of the wreck was scrapped after the war, but some artefacts and relics are on display in Japan, and a small portion of the ship remains where it was sunk. Japanese Battleship Mutsu: Number: 01480 (Also listed as 101) Scale: 1:700 : Type: Full kit : Released: 1991 | Rebox (Changed box only) Barcode: 4905083045091 (EAN) Packaging: Rigid box (Top opener) Topic: Battleship Nagato-class » Battleships (Ships) [4], In 1927, Mutsu's bow was remodeled to reduce the amount of spray produced when steaming into a head sea. It was named after the province. Mutsu was released worldwide on 17 February 2017. 4 turret at the Imperial Japanese Naval Academy, Eta Jima in 1947, Mutsu's eight 45-caliber 41-centimeter guns were mounted in two pairs of twin-gun, superfiring turrets fore and aft. [3], During a refit in 1924 the fore funnel was rebuilt in a serpentine shape in an unsuccessful effort to prevent smoke interference with the bridge and fire-control systems. [16], On 8 June 1943, Mutsu was moored in the Hashirajima fleet anchorage, with 113 flying cadets and 40 instructors from the Tsuchiura Naval Air Group aboard for familiarisation. It was named after the province, In 1923 she carried supplies for the survivors of the Great Kantō earthquake. The IJN investigation into the cause of her loss concluded that it was the work of a disgruntled crew member. Other than participating in the Battle of Midway and the Battle of the Eastern Solomons in 1942, where she did not see any significant combat, Mutsu spent most of the first year of the Pacific War in training. [21], The two-pounders were replaced by 1941 by 20 licence-built Hotchkiss 25 mm (1 in) Type 96 light AA guns in five twin-gun mounts. A more powerful catapult was installed in November 1938 to handle heavier aircraft like the single Kawanishi E7K, added in 1939–40. Face armor was increased to 460 mm (18 in), the sides to 280 mm (11 in), and the roof to 250–230 mm (10–9 in). HIJMS Mustu, second ship of the Nagato class, was one of the world’s finest battleships when she entered service in the early 1920s. "[50] The salvagers retrieved 849 bodies of crewmen lost during the explosion. It controlled the main and secondary guns; no provision was made for anti-aircraft fire until the Type 31 fire-control director was introduced in 1932. Battleship MUTSU, designed by naval architect Constructor Captain (later Constructor Vice Admiral) Yamamoto Kaizo, is laid down.. 1 May 1920: Yokosuka. Mutsu (陸奥? While crawling on the harbor bottom, it became snagged on the wreckage and its crew nearly suffocated before they managed to free themselves and surface. Mutsu's anti-aircraft armament was upgraded during 1932. [32] She was commissioned on 24 October 1921 with Captain Shizen Komaki in command. ), named after Mutsu Province, was a dreadnought battleship built for the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) during the 1910s and the second ship of her class.She carried supplies for the survivors of the Great Kantō earthquake in 1923. The 45-meter (148 ft) stern section upended and remained floating until about 02:00 hours on 9 June before sinking, coming to rest a few hundred feet south of the main wreck at coordinates 33°58′N 132°24′E / 33.967°N 132.4°E / 33.967; 132.4Coordinates: 33°58′N 132°24′E / 33.967°N 132.4°E / 33.967; 132.4. [42], After the explosion, as the rescue operations commenced, the fleet was alerted and the area was searched for Allied submarines, but no traces were found. [24] The turrets were protected with an armor thickness of 305 mm on the face, 230–190 mm (9.1–7.5 in) on the sides, and 152–127 mm (6.0–5.0 in) on the roof. [41], The nearby Fusō immediately launched two boats which, together with the destroyers Tamanami and Wakatsuki and the cruisers Tatsuta and Mogami, rescued 353 survivors from the 1,474 crew members and visitors aboard Mutsu; 1,121 men were killed in the explosion. A commission led by Admiral Kōichi Shiozawa was convened three days after the sinking to investigate the loss. Given the heavy security at the anchorage and lack of claims of responsibility by the Allies, this could be discounted. [16] To avert the potential damage to morale from the loss of a battleship so soon after the string of recent setbacks in the war effort, Mutsu's destruction was declared a state secret. When commissioned in 1921, she and her sister-ship were the first battleships in the world with 16 inch (406.4 mm) guns and were considered the Japanese navy equivalents of the British Navy’s Queen Elizabeth class. [10] The turrets aboard the Nagato-class ships were replaced in the mid-1930s using those stored from the unfinished Tosa-class battleships. [41], After the explosion, as the rescue operations commenced, the fleet was alerted and the area was searched for Allied submarines, but no traces were found. Mutsu was the second and last Nagato-class dreadnought battleship built for the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) at the end of World War I. 3 turret formerly on display at the, A rudder and a section of propeller shaft were on display at the Arashiyama Art Museum until it closed around 1991. The ship left Hashirajima for Kure on 13 April, where she prepared to sortie to reinforce the Japanese garrisons in the Aleutian Islands in response to the Battle of the Komandorski Islands. One of the 140 mm secondary guns is displayed at. [16], At the time of the explosion, Mutsu's magazine contained some 16-inch Type 3 "Sanshikidan" incendiary shrapnel anti-aircraft shells, which had caused a fire at the Sagami arsenal several years earlier due to improper storage. [16], The 1.2-metre (3 ft 11 in) diameter chrysanthemum mon, symbol of the Imperial Throne, was raised in 1953 but lost or scrapped shortly thereafter. [30], Mutsu, named for Mutsu Province,[31] was laid down at the Yokosuka Naval Arsenal on 1 June 1918 and launched on 31 May 1920. [15] The 76 mm AA guns were replaced by eight 40-caliber 127-millimeter dual-purpose guns in 1932,[16] fitted on both sides of the fore and aft superstructures in four twin-gun mounts. [3] The crew totalled around 1,475 men in 1942. [16], During the war Mutsu saw limited action, spending much of her time in home waters. A new anti-aircraft director, the Type 94 used to control the 127 mm AA guns, was introduced in 1937, although when Mutsu received hers is unknown. [16], During the war Mutsu saw limited action, spending much of her time in home waters. She had a beam of 28.96 meters (95 ft) and a draft of 9 meters (29 ft 6 in). [16][Note 2] These guns had a maximum elevation of +80 degrees which gave them a ceiling of 4,000 meters (13,000 ft). Mass cremations of recovered bodies began almost immediately after the sinking. The ship was placed in reserve on 15 November and began her lengthy reconstruction. Compared with other nations' warships in wartime service, Japanese battleships contained a large amount of flammable materials including wooden decking, furniture, and insulation, as well as cotton and wool bedding. One of the 140 mm casemate guns was raised in 1963 and donated to the Yasukuni Shrine. [23] These 25-millimetre (0.98 in) guns had an effective range of 1,500–3,000 metres (1,600–3,300 yd), and an ceiling of 5,500 metres (18,000 ft) at an elevation of 85 degrees. Mutsu is a battleship based on the Japanese battleship Mutsu. The ship was modernized in 1934–1936 with improvements to her armour and machinery, and a … [22] This was the standard Japanese light AA gun during World War II, but it suffered from severe design shortcomings that rendered it a largely ineffective weapon. Mitsubishi F1M biplanes replaced the E8Ns on 11 February 1943. [24] The turrets were protected with an armour thickness of 305 mm on the face, 230–190 mm (9.1–7.5 in) on the sides, and 152–127 mm (6–5 in) on the roof. Numbered one to four from front to rear, the hydraulically powered turrets gave the guns an elevation range of −2 to +35 degrees. The ship exceeded her designed speed of 26.5 knots (49.1 km/h; 30.5 mph) during her sea trials, reaching 26.7 knots (49.4 km/h; 30.7 mph) at 85,500 shp (63,800 kW). The ship was placed in reserve 15 December 1938 – 15 November 1939. A fine colourised photo of HIJMS Mutsu, seen here in the 1930's. Type 3 "Sanshikidan" incendiary shrapnel anti-aircraft shells, "Imperial Japanese Navy: Battleship Mutsu", "Omi Village Hijiri Museum & Aviation Museum", Combinedfleet.com: service history – key dates, Shipwrecks and maritime incidents in June 1943, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Japanese_battleship_Mutsu&oldid=1011906282, Second Sino-Japanese War naval ships of Japan, Ships sunk by non-combat internal explosions, World War II shipwrecks in the Pacific Ocean, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, 8,650 nmi (16,020 km; 9,950 mi) at 16 knots (30 km/h; 18 mph). However, on 8 June 1943, while anchored in Kure harbor, the Japanese battleship Mutsu exploded and sank in an accident. [7] When Mutsu conducted her post-reconstruction trials, she reached a speed of 24.98 knots (46.3 km/h; 28.7 mph) with 82,300 shp (61,400 kW). The 1.2-meter (3 ft 11 in) diameter chrysanthemum crest, symbol of the Imperial Throne, was raised in 1953, and one of the 140 mm casemate guns was raised in 1963 and donated to the Yasukuni Shrine. [21], The ship's waterline armour belt was 305 mm (12 in) thick and tapered to a thickness of 100 mm (3.9 in) at its bottom edge; above it was a strake of 229 mm (9 in) armour. The maximum effective rate of fire was only between 110 and 120 rounds per minute because of the frequent need to change the fifteen-round magazines. [3] That funnel was eliminated during the ship's 1930s reconstruction when all of her existing boilers were replaced by ten lighter and more powerful oil-fired Kampon boilers, which had working pressures of 22 kg/cm2 (2,157 kPa; 313 psi) and temperatures of 300 °C (572 °F). The ship was transferred to the reserve on 1 December 1925. Contributor: C. Peter Chen ww2dbase Mutsu was the second of two Nagato-class battleships of the Japanese Navy; her construction was the responsibility of naval architect Commander Hiraga Yuzuru. [16] Funding for the ship had partly come from donations from schoolchildren. [16], On 4 September 1923, Mutsu loaded supplies at Uchinoura Bay, Kyushu, for the victims of the Great Kantō earthquake. [11] The barbettes of the turrets were protected by armour 305 mm thick, and the casemates of the 140 mm guns were protected by 25 mm armour plates. 3 turret exploded, destroying the adjacent structure of the ship and cutting her in half. Sabotage by a disgruntled crewman. Sabotage by enemy secret agents. Only 13 of the visiting aviators were among the survivors. On 29 March 1929, the ship was assigned to Battleship Division 3, together with three light cruisers. The main deck armor was 69 mm (2.7 in) while the lower deck was 75 mm (3 in) thick. [10] The turrets aboard the Nagato-class ships were replaced in the mid-1930s using the turrets stored from the unfinished Tosa-class battleships. The ship was modernized in 1934–1936 with improvements to her armour and machinery, and a rebuilt superstructure in the pagoda mast style. [3] That funnel was eliminated during the ship's 1930s reconstruction when her boilers were replaced by ten oil-fired Kampon boilers, which had a working pressure of 22 kg/cm2 (2,157 kPa; 313 psi) and temperature of 300 °C (572 °F). [47] Historian Mike Williams put forward an alternative theory of fire: A number of observers noted smoke coming from the vicinity of No. [13] The ship was also fitted with eight 533-millimetre (21 in) torpedo tubes, four on each broadside, two above water and two submerged. Japanese battleship Mutsu. ), named after Mutsu Province, was a dreadnought battleship built for the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) during the 1910s and the second ship of her class. As part of the investigation, Dive-boat No. [16], On 14 July, Mutsu was transferred to Battleship Division 2 and then to the advance force of the 2nd Fleet on 9 August. One 410 mm gun from No. These changes increased her overall length to 224.94 m (738.0 ft), her beam to 34.6 m (113 ft 6 in) and her draft to 9.49 meters (31 ft 2 in). [14], Around 1926, the four above-water torpedo tubes were removed and the ship received three additional 76 mm AA guns that were situated around the base of the foremast. A massive influx of water into the machinery spaces caused the 150-meter (490 ft) forward section of the ship to capsize to starboard and sink almost immediately. She carried supplies for the survivors of the Great Kantō earthquake in 1923. Mutsu left Hashirajima for Kure on 13 April, where she prepared to sortie to reinforce the Japanese garrisons in the Aleutian Islands in response to the Battle of the Komandorski Islands. Mutsu (陸奥? [34] On 15 November 1938, Captain Aritomo Gotō assumed command of the ship. [1] The ship displaced 32,720 tonnes (32,200 long tons) at standard load and 39,116 tonnes (38,498 long tons) at full load. The commission considered a number of possible causes: The commission issued its preliminary conclusions on 25 June, well before the divers had completed their investigation of the wreck, and concluded that the explosion was the result of a disgruntled seaman. A midget or fleet submarine attack. At 12:13 the magazine of her No. These changes increased her overall length to 224.94 m (738 ft), her beam to 34.6 m (113 ft 6 in) and her draught to 9.49 metres (31 ft 2 in). Completed in 1920 as the lead ship of her class, she carried supplies for the survivors of the Great Kantō earthquake in 1923. A new anti-aircraft director, also called the Type 94, used to control the 127 mm AA guns, was introduced in 1937, although when Mutsu received hers is unknown. [20] They had a maximum rate of fire of 200 rounds per minute. 3 turret and the aircraft area just forward of it, just before the explosion. Extensive searches immediately following the sinking had failed to detect any enemy submarine and the Allies had made no attempt at claiming the enormous propaganda value of sinking a capital ship in her home anchorage; consequently, this possibility was quickly discounted. In August 1937, she transported 2,000 men of the 11th Infantry Division to Shanghai during the Second Sino-Japanese War. With her sister Nagato, she sank the hulk of the obsolete battleship Satsuma on 7 September 1924 during gunnery practice in Tokyo Bay, in accordance with the Washington Naval Treaty. 1 turret. [11] The barbettes of the turrets were protected by armor 305 mm thick, while the casemates of the 140 mm guns were protected by 25 mm armor plates. On 18 January 1942, Mutsu towed the obsolete armoured cruiser Nisshin as a target for the new battleship Yamato, which promptly sank Nisshin. [16] To avert the potential damage to morale from the loss of a battleship coming so soon after the string of recent setbacks in the war effort, Mutsu's loss was declared a state secret. Other than participating in the Battle of Midway and the Battle of the Eastern Solomons in 1942, where she did not see any significant combat, the ship spent most of the first year of the Pacific War training. Captain Teruhiko Miyoshi's body was recovered by divers on 17 June, but his wife was not officially notified until 6 January 1944. [8] Additional fuel oil was stored in the bottoms of the newly added torpedo bulges, which increased her capacity to 5,560 long tons (5,650 t) and thus her range to 8,560 nmi (15,850 km; 9,850 mi) at 16 knots. [36][37] Following the loss of all four carriers on 4 June, Yamamoto attempted to lure the American forces west to within range of the Japanese air groups at Wake Island, and into a night engagement with his surface forces, but the American forces withdrew and Mutsu saw no action. Japanese Battleship Mutsu Mutsu (陸奥), named after Mutsu Province, as per Japanese ship naming conventions, was the Imperial Japanese Navy's (IJN) second Nagato class battleship. During October Mutsu off-loaded surplus fuel oil to the fleet oil tanker Kenyo Maru which allowed the tanker to refuel other ships involved in Guadalcanal operations. They dispersed the survivors in an attempt to conceal the sinking to keep up morale in Japan. When the war started for Japan on 8 December,[Note 3] she sortied for the Bonin Islands, along with Nagato, the battleships Hyūga, Yamashiro, Fusō, Ise of Battleship Division 2, and the light carrier Hōshō as distant support for the fleet attacking Pearl Harbor, and returned six days later. Mutsu was the second and last Nagato-class dreadnought battleship built for the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) at the end of World War I. At least one is still around. The Navy leadership initially gave serious consideration to raising the wreck and rebuilding her, although these plans were dropped after the divers completed their survey of the ship on 22 July. The larger front section sank immediately while the aft section remained floating for 14 more hours with … While fire in the secure magazines was a very remote possibility, a fire in an area adjacent to the No. On June 8, 1943, the Japanese battleship Mutsu was rocked by a violent explosion that split the ship in two sections while moored in Hiroshima Bay. [50], A gun from the Mutsu on display at the Yamato Museum in Kure, Japan. Japanese Battleship Mutsu w/Detail Up Guide Book: Number: 030295: Scale: 1:700 : Type: Full kit : Released: 2002 | Rebox (Changed box only) Packaging: Rigid box (Top opener) Topic: Battleship Nagato-class » Battleships (Ships) The operation was cancelled the next day and the ship resumed training. [16], In June 1942 Mutsu, commanded by Rear Admiral Gunji Kogure, was assigned to the Main Body of the 1st Fleet during the Battle of Midway, together with Yamato, Nagato, Hōshō, the light cruiser Sendai, nine destroyers and four auxiliary ships. She was refitted in early 1941 in preparation for war, which included fitting of external degaussing coils and additional armor for her barbettes. A commission led by Admiral Kōichi Shiozawa was convened three days after the sinking to investigate the loss. [2], The new 41 cm turrets installed during Mutsu's reconstruction were more heavily armoured than the original ones. About Japanese battleship Mutsu in brief. Mutsu served as flagship of Emperor Hirohito during the 1927 naval manoeuvres and fleet review. To further prevent rumours from spreading, healthy and recovered survivors were reassigned to various garrisons in the Pacific Ocean. Prior to diving on the wreck they were allowed to familiarize themselves on board Mutsu's sister ship, Nagato. [33] Mutsu was commissioned on 24 October 1921 with Captain Shizen Komaki in command. Because they might have been the cause of the explosion, the minister of the navy, Admiral Shimada Shigetaro, immediately ordered the removal of Type 3 shells from all IJN ships carrying them, until the conclusion of the investigation into the loss.[16]. Thus Mutsu was struck from the Navy List on 1 September. It controlled the main and secondary guns; no provision was made for anti-aircraft fire until the Type 31 fire-control director was introduced in 1932. 1 June 1918: Yokosuka Navy Yard. [1] Mutsu displaced 32,720 metric tons (32,200 long tons) at standard load and 39,116 metric tons (38,498 long tons) at full load. On 8 December 1941,[Note 3] she sortied for the Bonin Islands, along with Nagato, the battleships Hyūga, Yamashiro, Fusō, Ise of Battleship Division 2, and the light carrier Hōshō as distant support for the fleet attacking Pearl Harbor, and returned six days later. 3746, a small Nishimura-class search and rescue submarine, dove on the wreck on 17 June with a crew of seven officers. It was named after the province, In 1923 she carried supplies for the survivors of the Great Kantō earthquake. [39] Following her return to Truk on 2 September, a group of skilled AA gunnery officers and men were detached to serve as instructors to ground-based naval anti-aircraft gunners stationed in Rabaul. [2] Her crew consisted of 1,333 officers and enlisted men as built and 1,368 in 1935. Two days later, the ship departed Yokosuka accompanied by the cruisers Atago, Takao, Maya, Haguro, Yura, Myōkō, the seaplane tender Chitose and escorting destroyers to support operations during the Guadalcanal Campaign. The highest portion of the ship is 12 metres (39 ft 4 in) below the surface.[52]. Captain Seiichi Kurose assumed command on 18 November and the ship was assigned to the 1st Battleship Division on 1 December. Additional six-metre (19 ft 8 in) and three-metre (9 ft 10 in) anti-aircraft rangefinders were also fitted, although the date is unknown. Claims of responsibility by the Allies, this could be discounted September 1936 and Mutsu rejoined the battleship... 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A maximum elevation of +75 degrees, and a rebuilt superstructure in the 1930s, some the! 3 in ) thick it closed circa 1991 ] in 1933 a catapult was installed in 1938. 1970, the new 41 cm turrets installed during Mutsu 's original 41 cm No were.... Section sank immediately while the lower deck was 75 mm ( 3 in ) 30 September 1936 and rejoined... Her loss concluded that it was named after Mutsu province, the new 41 cm turrets installed Mutsu! Concluded that it was the second Sino-Japanese War 39 ft 4 in ) on 1 December lower deck was mm! Around two rounds per minute men as built and 1,368 in 1935 and later approved for as! Were reassigned to various garrisons in the 1930s for anti-aircraft use rear Admiral, as did the Type. F1M biplanes replaced the E8Ns on 11 February 1943 recently been accused of theft units... For anti-aircraft use jentschura, Hansgeorg ; Jung, Dieter ; Mickel, Peter ( 1977 ) began lengthy... ] a special Type 3 Sankaidan incendiary shrapnel shell was developed in the 1930 's her crew of.
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